What the meter is telling you
The level display shows the signal your browser receives after the operating system's input gain, so it reflects the whole chain rather than the microphone alone. Speaking normally should produce clear movement without the meter pinning at the top — peaks around −12 to −6 dBFS on a calibrated scale, or roughly two thirds of the way up on a simple meter.
A meter that barely moves points at input gain set too low, a muted or wrong device selected, or a microphone that needs power it is not receiving. A meter constantly at maximum means gain too high, which produces clipping — and clipped digital audio is unrecoverable, so this is worth fixing before recording rather than afterwards.
Watch the level while not speaking, too. A meter that sits visibly above the floor in silence is showing you the room's noise, a noisy preamp, or interference — and whatever it is will be present under everything you record.
Permissions, devices and why nothing happens
Browser microphone access requires an explicit permission grant and a secure context, so the page must be served over HTTPS. If no prompt appears, permission was probably denied previously and is now remembered — the site settings in the address bar are where to reset it.
Only one application can hold an exclusive input device on some systems, so a conferencing application running in the background can prevent the browser from capturing anything. Closing other applications that use the microphone is the first thing to try when a device appears available but produces no signal.
Where several inputs exist — a built-in microphone, a headset, an interface, a virtual device installed by conferencing software — the browser may default to one you did not intend. Selecting the device explicitly resolves a large share of "my microphone is not working" reports, since virtual devices in particular are often chosen automatically and capture nothing.
Diagnosing what you hear
A steady hum, typically at 50 or 60 hertz depending on region, is usually electrical — a ground loop between devices on different circuits, or an unbalanced cable running near a power lead. Moving cables apart, using a different USB port, or powering devices from the same outlet often resolves it.
A hiss that rises when you increase gain is the noise floor of the microphone or preamp, and it is a property of the equipment. Getting closer to the microphone lets you use less gain and improves the ratio, which is a far more effective remedy than any processing.
Hollow, distant sound is room reflections rather than a microphone fault, and no processing removes it convincingly — reduce distance and add soft furnishings. Crackling and dropouts usually indicate a buffer or USB bandwidth problem rather than the microphone, and are worth testing on a different port or cable. Once the input is clean, the voice recorder captures it locally.