Two libraries, two jobs
This page uses two separate PDF engines because it needs two different things. PDF.js — Mozilla's renderer — draws each page as a thumbnail so you can see what you are selecting; each one is rendered to a small canvas about 150 pixels wide. pdf-lib does the actual extraction, building a new document and copying your chosen pages into it.
The distinction matters because the thumbnails are only a preview. The pages that end up in your output are copied structurally — content streams, embedded fonts, images and vector artwork carried across intact — not re-rendered from those pictures. Text in the extracted file stays selectable and searchable, and the pages are pixel-for-pixel identical to the original at any zoom level. If thumbnail rendering fails for some reason, the tool hides the grid and the text range field carries on working, because extraction never depended on it.
Selection works both ways. Clicking a thumbnail toggles that page and rewrites the range field, collapsing runs of consecutive pages into ranges. Typing in the field re-highlights the matching thumbnails. Use whichever suits the document — thumbnails when you are looking for something visually, the text field when you already know the numbers.
Page range syntax
| You type | You get | Note |
1-3, 5, 8-10 | Pages 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 | Ranges and single numbers can be mixed freely. |
5, 1-3 | Page 5 first, then 1, 2, 3 | Pages come out in the order you typed them — this is how you reorder while extracting. |
8-5 | Pages 5, 6, 7, 8 | A backwards range is corrected rather than reversed. There is no way to reverse pages within a range. |
2, 2, 3 | Pages 2, 3 | Duplicates are removed. A page cannot appear twice in one extraction. |
1-3, 99 | Pages 1, 2, 3 | Numbers beyond the last page are silently ignored. |
The ordering behaviour is the one worth remembering. Clicking thumbnails always produces a sorted list, but typing does not — so if you need the appendix to come before the introduction, type the ranges in that order and extract in a single pass instead of extracting twice and merging.
Limits and trade-offs
Split every page can produce more data than you started with. Each single-page PDF is a complete, self-contained document, so it embeds its own copy of every font used on that page. A 200-page report that embedded one typeface once now embeds it 200 times, and the ZIP can easily exceed the original file. It is also slow: each page means building and saving a separate document. For a long document, extracting the ranges you actually want is faster and far smaller than splitting everything.
Removing pages is not redaction. Extracting pages 1–5 genuinely drops pages 6 onwards — those pages and their content are gone from the new file. But anything sensitive on the pages you kept is still there in full, including text sitting underneath a black rectangle someone drew in a viewer. That kind of covering is a graphic on top of the text, not a removal of it, and it can be selected and copied straight out of the file. If a document needs to be safe to publish, the text itself has to be removed, not covered.
Document-level features do not survive. Bookmarks, the outline tree, the accessibility structure used by screen readers and the original document's metadata all belong to the document rather than to its pages, so the extracted file starts without them. Interactive form fields are unreliable for the same reason. Any digital signature is void — a signature certifies an exact set of bytes, and this is a new file.
Encrypted PDFs cannot be read. A file that needs a password to open reports an error rather than producing a broken result. Open it in a PDF viewer, enter the password, save an unprotected copy, and work from that. The whole document is also held in memory while you work, and a very long file means rendering a thumbnail for every page — expect the grid to take a moment on a few hundred pages.
Practical uses
The most common one is trimming before sending. A 90-page contract where the other party needs three pages should be sent as three pages — smaller, faster to review, and it does not hand over material nobody asked for. Extract, check the result opens correctly, then attach that.
Splitting also makes rearranging possible. To move a section, extract the pieces in the order you want using the typed-order behaviour above. To insert something into the middle of a document, split the original at the insertion point and combine the parts with the new material in Merge PDF — the working file passes straight between the two tools, so there is no saving and re-opening in between. And to interleave a double-sided scan where odd and even pages landed in separate files, split both into single pages first, then merge them alternately.
Split every page earns its place in a narrower set of cases: when each page is genuinely a separate document — a batch of scanned invoices, one certificate per page, statements to be filed individually. The ZIP names files with zero-padded page numbers, so they sort correctly in a file manager rather than putting page 10 before page 2.
If the extracted file is still too large to send, the PDF compressor reduces it further, and PDF to JPG converts pages to images when the recipient needs a picture rather than a document. The full set is on the PDF tools page.